Are electric vehicles good for your health? A new study from the University of Minnesota, University of Tennessee and Tsinghua University investigates.
It compared emissions – CO2, PM2.5, NOx and HC – from conventional vehicles and electric vehicles, including electric cars, light scooters and bicycles. The study was partly motivated by the rise in popularity of electric bikes in China– known as e-bikes – which is seen as the single largest adoption of alternative fuel vehicles in history. There has been an 86 per cent annual growth rate over the past decade.
The study is important because in China, 85 per cent of electricity production is from fossil fuels – with around 90 per cent from coal. Indeed most electricity generating units in China lack advanced pollution controls and so it is not clear-cut that electric vehicles would automatically be “better” than conventional vehicles for drivers’ health.
It found that concentration rather than intake is optimal for health comparison – because electricity generation typically occurs further from people than exhaust emissions meaning intake values are usually lower for electric vehicles than for conventional vehicles.
Among the findings were that electric vehicle emission factors vary based on the city they are in; and that PM2.5 emission factors are usually lower for conventional vehicles than they are for comparable electric vehicles. It believes that compared to a new Euro IV petrol car, average electric car emission factors are around the same for CO2 and 19 times higher for PM2.5 – but e-bikes outperform cars, buses and motorcycles on most emission metrics.
The study concludes therefore, that replacing petrol cars with electric cars results in increased CO2 from combustion emissions and all-cause mortality risk from primary PM2.5.